![]() ![]() Gray: event involving precursor chemicals. NOTE: AN: ammonium nitrate, AN/FO: ammonium nitrate/fuel oil, BP: black powder, CAN: calcium ammonium nitrate, CHP: concentrated hydrogen peroxide, HMTD: hexamethylene triperoxide diamine, IS: icing sugar, NM: nitromethane, PETN: pentaerythritol tetranitrate, TATP: triacetone triperoxide, TNT: trinitrotoluene. Mary Axe Bombing (London, United Kingdom)ġ993-World Trade Center Bombing (New York, NY)ġ993-Bishopsgate Bombing (London, United Kingdom)ġ995-Oklahoma City Bombing (Oklahoma City, OK)ġ996-Manchester Shopping Mall (Manchester, United Kingdom)ġ996-South Quay Bombing (London, United Kingdom)ġ996-Khobar Towers Bombing (Khobar, Saudi Arabia)ġ998-US Embassy Bombings (Tanzania, Kenya)ġ999-Millennial Bomber Interdiction (Port Angeles, WA)Ģ002-Bali Nightclub Bombing (Bali, Indonesia)Ģ003-Marriott Hotel Jakarta Bombing (Jakarta, Indonesia)Ģ003-Britsh Consulate Bombing (Istanbul, Turkey)Ģ003-Casablanca Bombings (Casablanca, Morocco)Ģ004-Australian Embassy Attack (Jakarta, Indonesia)Ģ004-US Consulate Failed Attack (Karachi, Pakistan)Ģ004-Distrupted Jordanian Attack (Amman, Jordan)Ģ004-US Embassy Attack (Tashkent, Uzbekistan)Ģ004-Madrid Train Bombings (Madrid, Spain)Ģ005-7/7 Underground Bombing (London, United Kingdom)Ģ005-7/21 Bombing (London, United Kingdom)Ģ006-Operation Overt (London, United Kingdom)Ģ009-Operation Highrise Interdiction (Denver, CO/New York, NY)Ģ010-Printer Bombs (United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates)Ģ010-Failed Times Square Plot (New York, NY)Ģ011-Khalid Ali-M Aldawsari Plot (Lubbock, TX)Ģ002-Aurora Theater Shooting (Aurora, CO)Ģ013-Boston Marathon Bombings (Boston, MA)Ģ016-Brussels Attacks (Brussels, Belguim)Ģ016-Ahmad Khan Rahami (New York/New Jersey) TABLE 2-1 Selected Attacks Involving Explosives from 1970 to 2016 Event (Location)ġ983-Beirut Barracks Bombing *Beirut, London)ġ983-US Embassy Bombings (Beirut, Lebanon)ġ992-St. 37, 38 These materials have been used in high-profile incidents like the Boston Marathon bombing. The majority of domestic incidents have used and continue to use commercial explosives, smokeless powder, black powder, flash powder, and pyrotechnic fillers as a main charge likely due to their ease of acquisition (e.g., purchasing 50 pounds of black powder requires no federal license or permit). The main charge of an IED contains the largest amount of explosive a description of the main charge used in each attack is shown in Table 2-1, along with the estimated mass. 34- 36 This incident was chosen as a logical starting point as it was the first major attack in the United States that employed precursor chemicals to produce the IED’s main charge, specifically, ammonium nitrate (AN) mixed with fuel oil (AN/FO). The committee produced a list of selected explosives incidents, both realized and thwarted, starting with the 1970 Sterling Hall Bombing at the University of Wisconsin ( Table 2-1). PAST AND RECENT ATTACKS INVOLVING EXPLOSIVES The Group A precursor chemicals appear to pose the most immediate threat in terms of their potential for use in improvised explosive devices (IEDs), though shifts in bomb makers’ tactics could elevate the status of Group B and C chemicals without warning. To prioritize those chemicals, the committee compiled a long list of precursor chemicals then it established a short list of chemicals of particular concern and lastly, it applied a set of criteria to the chemicals on the short list and, according to those criteria, it ranked the chemicals in three separate groups: A, B, and C. The number of precursor chemicals that can be used to make homemade explosives (HMEs) is large. Precursor Chemicals Used to Make Homemade Explosives ![]()
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